RFE7TP05–Src protein, molecular model. Src is a tyrosine kinase, a signalling protein in cells that has the ability to 'turn on' protein synthesis and cellular growth.
RF2JTPAFT–Simplified structure of G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) - including subunits alpha, beta, gamma.
RF2R2J7P9–Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration
RFPTWYDC–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. 3D rendering, cartoon + line representation. N-to-C gradient coloring.
RFW7HT2C–E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Arkadia, an enzyme which acts as a modulator of the nodal signaling cascade, which is essential for the induction of mesod
RFJ3PEJ9–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Atoms are represented as color-coded spheres.
RFW7HTF3–Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14, an enzyme and a critical kinase of the alternative NF-kappaB activation pathway. 3d rendering.
RF2DRHWR0–Structure of human interleukin-11, 3D cartoon model isolated, white background
RF2H70HG4–Crystal structure of human galectin-1 in complex with type 1 N-acetyllactosamine. 3D cartoon and Gaussian surface model, PDB 4xbl
RF2JTPAFK–Activation of PKA (Protein Kinase A) via cyclic AMP in GPCR Gs signaling schematic diagram.
RF2R2J7P0–Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration
RFJ3PEJ7–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Cartoon representation. Secondary structure coloring.
RFJ3PB4W–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Cartoon representation. Secondary structure coloring.
RFJ3PB4K–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Cartoon representation. Secondary structure coloring.
RFJ3PEJ5–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Cartoon representation. N-to-C gradient coloring.
RF2JTPAF4–Table of cAMP mediated cell response - GPCR Gs signalling. Hormone mediated liver, adipose, muscle, bone and kidney response.
RF2R2J7NH–Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration
RFJ3PEJ4–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Cartoon + line representation. Secondary structure coloring.
RFJ3PB54–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Atoms are represented as spheres with conventional color coding.
RFPTWYDD–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. 3D rendering. Atoms are represented as spheres with conventional color co
RFJ3PB4X–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Tofacitinib drug bound. Atoms are represented as color-coded spheres. Det
RFPTWYD9–Janus kinase 1 protein. Part of JAK-STAT signalling pathway and drug target. Tofacitinib drug bound. 3D rendering. Atoms are represented as color-code
RF2R2J7PA–Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration
RF2JTPAWW–Simplified scheme of GPCR activation through subunits alpha, betta, gamma. Infographic for pharmacology, medicine, biochemistry education.
RF2R2J7NR–Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration
RF2JTPAG6–GPCR Gq signaling pathway diagram - via PLC beta, PIP2, DAG, IP3. Cellular response biochemical infographic for pharmacology education.
RF2R2J7P5–Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration
RF2JTPAFX–Process of Adenylate cyclase activation via GPCR Gs and cAMP production amplification. Infographic for education, pharmacology, biology.
RF2R2J7ND–Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration
RF2JTPACJ–Table of PLC beta mediated cell response - GPCR Gq signaling. Hormone mediated pancreas, liver, smooth muscle and platelets response.
RF2R2J7NE–Bestrophin-1 protein molecule, illustration
RF2F5J3JR–cAMP-dependent pathway, molecular model
RFDP2H0D–SMAD4 protein domain bound to DNA
RFDP2F57–Src protein molecule
RF2F5J3K0–cAMP and protein kinases, molecular model
RF2G2HC1F–G protein-coupled receptors, molecular model
RFE7TPEY–H-Ras p21 oncogene protein, molecular model. The Ras proteins are involved in transmitting signals within cells. Excessive signalling can lead to conditions such as cancer, and this protein is hence classed as an oncogene protein. H-Ras (HRAS) is also kno
RFE7TPET–H-Ras p21 oncogene protein, molecular model. The Ras proteins are involved in transmitting signals within cells. Excessive signalling can lead to conditions such as cancer, and this protein is hence classed as an oncogene protein. H-Ras (HRAS) is also kno
RFE7TP66–SMAD4 protein domain bound to DNA, molecular model. This strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid, red and blue) is surrounded by MH1 domains of the SMAD4 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4) protein. This protein is forming a dimeric complex with the
RFHNAGR8–Anthrax lethal factor, molecular model. This enzyme is one of three protein components that form the anthrax toxin produced by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Lethal factor (LF) disrupts cellular signalling pathways in an infected cell, eventually leading to cell death. Anthrax most commonly affects cattle, sheep and goats, but can also infect humans.
RFHNAGR9–Anthrax lethal factor, molecular model. This enzyme is one of three protein components that form the anthrax toxin produced by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Lethal factor (LF) disrupts cellular signalling pathways in an infected cell, eventually leading to cell death. Anthrax most commonly affects cattle, sheep and goats, but can also infect humans.
RFTCHMA5–Interleukin 4 binding to its receptor, illustration
RF2PGYGTR–Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, illustration
RF2PGYGTG–Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, illustration
RF2C0XE90–Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), molecular model. This protein generally exists as a trimer (a molecule consisting of 3 identical smaller molecules). It is released by white blood cells, mostly macrophages, during inflammatory immune responses, and acts as a signalling molecule. Its release is triggered by injury or bacterial endotoxins. One of its actions is to kill tumour cells, hence its name. TNF-alpha is also involved in a number of inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and Crohn's disease.
RFE7TN78–Anthrax lethal factor, molecular model. This enzyme is one of three protein components that form the anthrax toxin produced by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Lethal factor (LF) disrupts cellular signalling pathways in an infected cell, eventually leadi
RFE7TN7D–Anthrax lethal factor, molecular model. This enzyme is one of three protein components that form the anthrax toxin produced by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Lethal factor (LF) disrupts cellular signalling pathways in an infected cell, eventually leadi
RF2PP3DW6–Glycoproteins, illustration
RFFEG16H–Insulin binding to insulin receptor, illustration. The insulin receptor (violet) is a transmembrane protein, that is activated
RFFEG16K–Insulin binding to insulin receptor, illustration. The insulin receptor (violet) is a transmembrane protein, that is activated
RFFEG16J–Insulin binding to insulin receptor, illustration. The insulin receptor (violet) is a transmembrane protein, that is activated
RF2G2HC62–G protein-coupled receptors, molecular model
RFW6RXWE–Active insulin receptor, illustration. The insulin receptor (blue) is a transmembrane protein, that has become activated through the binding of insulin (orange). Insulin binding induces structural changes within the receptor. These changes trigger a biochemical chain of events inside the cell (signal transduction), that finally leads to the transport of glucose into the cell via activation of glucose transporters (channel proteins).
RFW6RY20–Inactive insulin receptor, illustration. The insulin receptor (blue) is a transmembrane protein, that becomes activated through the binding of insulin (orange). Insulin binding induces structural changes within the receptor. These changes trigger a biochemical chain of events inside the cell (signal transduction), that finally leads to the transport of glucose into the cell via activation of glucose transporters (channel proteins). Here, insulin is close to the insulin binding site on the receptor, however while it remains unbound, the receptor is inactive.
RFW6RY2H–Insulin bound to insulin receptor and glucose transport, illustration. The insulin receptor (blue) is a transmembrane protein, that has become activated through the binding of insulin (orange). Insulin binding induces structural changes within the receptor. These changes trigger a biochemical chain of events inside the cell (signal transduction), that finally leads to the activation of glucose transporter proteins (red). These activated channel proteins allow for the transport of glucose (yellow) into the cell, which is then converted into energy through cellular respiration.
RFW6RY1E–Active (right) and inactive (left) insulin receptors, illustration. The insulin receptor (blue) is a transmembrane protein which is activated through the binding of insulin (orange). Insulin binding (right) induces structural changes within the receptor. These changes trigger a biochemical chain of events inside the cell (signal transduction), that finally leads to the transport of glucose into the cell via activation of glucose transporters (channel proteins). If insulin is not bound (left), then the receptor remains inactive, and glucose cannot be transported across the cell membrane.
RFJMXD39–Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling protein molecule. Space-filling model.
RFJMXD3B–Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling protein molecule. Ball-and-stick model with conventional colour coding.
RFJMXD3E–Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling protein molecule. Space-filling model with conventional colour coding.
RFJMXD3G–Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling protein molecule. Combined wireframe and cartoon model. Cartoon and carbon atoms: backbone gradient colouring (blue-teal); other atoms: conventional colour coding.
RFJMXD3F–Epidermal growth factor (EGF) signalling protein molecule. Stylized combination of a semi-transparent surface model with a cartoon representation. Cartoon: gradient colouring (N-terminus blue, C-terminus pink).
RFE7TNW5–Acetylcholine receptor. Molecular model showing the structure of a nicotinic acetlycholine receptor. This receptor, for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, controls electrical signalling between nerve and muscle cells. Attachment of an acetlycholine molec
RFE7TNKP–Nitric oxide synthase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is involved in cellular signalling.
RFE7TN9D–Nitric oxide synthase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is involved in cellular signalling.
RFE7TNA2–Nitric oxide synthase, molecular model. This enzyme catalyses the production of nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nitric oxide is involved in cellular signalling.
RF2J7A4DF–Active insulin receptor, illustration
RF2J7A4BP–Active insulin receptors, illustration
RF2G2HC10–GABA B receptor binding to baclofen, molecular model
RF2G2HC14–GABA-B receptor activation, molecular model
RF2G2HC17–GABA-B receptor binding to baclofen, molecular model
RF2C9JH2J–Interleukin 4 cytokine molecules, illustration. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a key regulator of the immune system and plays an important role in the develo
RF2C9JH2G–T helper cell and interleukin molecules, illustration. T helper cells play an important role in the immune system. After activation by an antigen-pres
RF2C9JH33–T helper cell and interleukin molecules, illustration. T helper cells play an important role in the immune system. After activation by an antigen-pres
RF2C9JH2W–T helper cells and interleukin molecules, illustration. T helper cells play an important role in the immune system. After activation by an antigen-pre
RF2C9JH3A–T helper cells and interleukin molecules, illustration. T helper cells play an important role in the immune system. After activation by an antigen-pre
RF2C9JH2T–Interleukin 4 (light blue) binding to its receptor (dark blue and purple), illustration. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a key regulator of the immune system
RF2C9JH3N–T helper cell and interleukin molecules, illustration. T helper cells play an important role in the immune system. After activation by an antigen-pres
RF2C9JH2K–T helper cell and interleukin molecules, illustration. T helper cells play an important role in the immune system. After activation by an antigen-pres
RFW6RY2B–Diabetes caused by insulin resistance, illustration. Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathological condition where cells cannot respond normally to the ho
RFW6RY33–Insulin bound to insulin receptors and glucose transport into the cell, illustration. Insulin receptors (blue) are transmembrane proteins, that are ac
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